Today, we looked at the various types of vegetation regions in Canada. As a class we came up with a note to summarize the main features of each vegetation regions. The note is as follows:
VEGETATION REGIONS IN CANADA
TUNDRA
-most northerly vegetation region
-located above the tree line
-most have permafrost
-the top metre of permafrost is known as the active layer (thaws during the short summer)
-small shrubs, mosses, lichens...things that grow close to the ground (grows quickly)
-lack of vegetation limits the variety of wildlife and population of each species
BOREAL AND TAIGA FOREST
-largest vegetation region in Canada
-located south of the tundra
-coniferous trees grow south of tree line because there is a longer growing season and more precipitation than in the tundra
-vegetation includes coniferous trees, evergreens
-topsoil is a greyish colour, high acidity
-rainfall and snowfall wash away many soluble minerals
-cold temperature, short growing seasons
-largest vegetation region in Canada
-located south of the tundra
-coniferous trees grow south of tree line because there is a longer growing season and more precipitation than in the tundra
-vegetation includes coniferous trees, evergreens
-topsoil is a greyish colour, high acidity
-rainfall and snowfall wash away many soluble minerals
-cold temperature, short growing seasons
MIXED FOREST
-south of the boreal forest in eastern Canada
-mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous trees
-excellent for lumbering industry
-transition zone between the boreal forest to the north and the deciduous forest to the south
-trees can survive warm summers and cool winters
-soils in this region are suitable for farming
-south of the boreal forest in eastern Canada
-mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous trees
-excellent for lumbering industry
-transition zone between the boreal forest to the north and the deciduous forest to the south
-trees can survive warm summers and cool winters
-soils in this region are suitable for farming
DECIDUOUS FOREST
-found in southwestern Ontario; northern portion of the region from northeastern United States
-small parts of this forest left because of clearing for farming and urban development
-summers are long and hot, winters relatively mild, lots of precipitation...ideal conditions for hardwood trees
-soil similar to the mixed forest but has more humus and less acidic
-topsoil is a dark brown...some of most fertile soil in Canada
-found in southwestern Ontario; northern portion of the region from northeastern United States
-small parts of this forest left because of clearing for farming and urban development
-summers are long and hot, winters relatively mild, lots of precipitation...ideal conditions for hardwood trees
-soil similar to the mixed forest but has more humus and less acidic
-topsoil is a dark brown...some of most fertile soil in Canada
GRASSLANDS
-located southern part of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta
-climate is too dry for most species of trees to survive
-grass is suited to the dry climate
-deep intertwined root system of the grass forms a sod mat
-located southern part of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta
-climate is too dry for most species of trees to survive
-grass is suited to the dry climate
-deep intertwined root system of the grass forms a sod mat
Three sub-regions of the Grasslands
1. Short-grass Prairie
-southern Alberta and Saskatchewan
2. Long-grass Prairie
-richest soil in Canada...produces some of the best grains in the world
3. Parkland
-transition zone of long-grass prairie
1. Short-grass Prairie
-southern Alberta and Saskatchewan
2. Long-grass Prairie
-richest soil in Canada...produces some of the best grains in the world
3. Parkland
-transition zone of long-grass prairie
CORDILLERIAN VEGETATION
-temperature is warmer in the valleys than high in the mountains
-rainfall on the west side of a mountain is more likely to be heavier than the east side
-as altitude increases, vegetation changes
-logging industry
-soils of all types...soil characteristics can completely change in a small distance
-temperature is warmer in the valleys than high in the mountains
-rainfall on the west side of a mountain is more likely to be heavier than the east side
-as altitude increases, vegetation changes
-logging industry
-soils of all types...soil characteristics can completely change in a small distance
WEST COAST FOREST
-along the west coast of Canada
-excellent growing conditions are made by heavy rainfall and mild climate of the costal region
-trees can be more than 1m in diameter and over 50m high (common)
-some of the old-growth forests become focus for environmental groups
-lush vegetation makes a great plant material to make humus but high rainfall leaches minerals deep into the soil
-along the west coast of Canada
-excellent growing conditions are made by heavy rainfall and mild climate of the costal region
-trees can be more than 1m in diameter and over 50m high (common)
-some of the old-growth forests become focus for environmental groups
-lush vegetation makes a great plant material to make humus but high rainfall leaches minerals deep into the soil
The National Parks Research Projects were extremely well done! Each student put a lot of care and effort into their first major assignment. Great work, everyone! Make sure you bring your projects back to class tomorrow. I will be going over the project individually with each student to look at corrections and room for improvement.
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